Original Text(~250 words)
T“hen there is all the more reason for you to legalize your position, if possible,” said Dolly. “Yes, if possible,” said Anna, speaking all at once in an utterly different tone, subdued and mournful. “Surely you don’t mean a divorce is impossible? I was told your husband had consented to it.” “Dolly, I don’t want to talk about that.” “Oh, we won’t then,” Darya Alexandrovna hastened to say, noticing the expression of suffering on Anna’s face. “All I see is that you take too gloomy a view of things.” “I? Not at all! I’m always bright and happy. You see, _je fais des passions._ Veslovsky....” “Yes, to tell the truth, I don’t like Veslovsky’s tone,” said Darya Alexandrovna, anxious to change the subject. “Oh, that’s nonsense! It amuses Alexey, and that’s all; but he’s a boy, and quite under my control. You know, I turn him as I please. It’s just as it might be with your Grisha.... Dolly!”—she suddenly changed the subject—“you say I take too gloomy a view of things. You can’t understand. It’s too awful! I try not to take any view of it at all.” “But I think you ought to. You ought to do all you can.” “But what can I do? Nothing. You tell me to marry Alexey, and say I don’t think about it. I don’t think about it!” she repeated, and a flush rose into her face. She got up, straightening her chest, and sighed heavily. With her light step she began...
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Summary
Levin throws himself into physical labor on his estate, working alongside his peasants in the fields from dawn to dusk. He's desperately trying to escape the crushing weight of his thoughts about death and meaninglessness that have been consuming him. The harder he works, the more he hopes to find some peace or purpose, but even exhaustion can't silence the questions that torment him. His workers notice his intensity but don't understand why their master is driving himself like a common laborer. Levin finds brief moments of relief in the rhythm of the work - the swing of the scythe, the loading of hay, the simple focus required for each task. But as soon as he stops, the dark thoughts return with full force. He realizes that physical work alone isn't the answer he's seeking. The chapter shows Levin at his lowest point, grasping for anything that might give his life meaning. His crisis reflects the broader human struggle to find purpose when faced with mortality. Tolstoy uses Levin's manual labor as both an escape attempt and a metaphor for the honest, grounded life that might hold answers. The contrast between Levin's philosophical torment and the peasants' acceptance of their daily work highlights different approaches to existence. This moment sets up Levin's continued search for meaning, showing that running from existential questions through work or distraction ultimately fails. The chapter captures the universal experience of trying to outrun our deepest fears and uncertainties through activity and busyness.
That's what happens. To understand what the author is really doing—and to discuss this chapter with confidence—keep reading.
Terms to Know
Estate labor
In 19th-century Russia, wealthy landowners managed vast properties worked by peasants. The landowner typically supervised rather than participated in physical labor. Levin's choice to work alongside his peasants was unusual and socially awkward.
Modern Usage:
Like when a CEO suddenly starts working the warehouse floor - technically their right, but it makes everyone uncomfortable and raises questions about their motives.
Scythe work
Cutting grain or grass with a long-handled blade in rhythmic, sweeping motions. This was skilled physical labor requiring technique, stamina, and coordination. The repetitive nature could be meditative but also exhausting.
Modern Usage:
Any repetitive physical work we use to clear our heads - chopping wood, running, cleaning - activities that occupy the body while trying to quiet the mind.
Existential crisis
The crushing realization that life might be meaningless, especially when confronted with mortality. Levin is experiencing the terror of wondering if nothing we do matters in the face of death.
Modern Usage:
The 3am panic about whether your life has any point, often triggered by major life changes, deaths, or milestone birthdays.
Class boundaries
The invisible but rigid social divisions between landowners and peasants in Russian society. Levin crossing these boundaries by doing manual labor creates tension and confusion for everyone involved.
Modern Usage:
When someone steps outside their expected role - like a boss cleaning toilets or a wealthy person shopping at dollar stores - it makes others uncomfortable.
Work as escape
Using physical labor or busyness to avoid dealing with emotional or psychological pain. Levin hopes that exhausting his body will quiet his tormented mind about life's meaninglessness.
Modern Usage:
Throwing yourself into work, exercise, or projects to avoid dealing with depression, grief, or major life questions.
Peasant acceptance
The working class's practical approach to life, focused on daily survival rather than philosophical questioning. They accept their circumstances without the luxury of existential angst that troubles the wealthy.
Modern Usage:
How people working multiple jobs to survive don't have time for life coaching or self-help - they're too busy living.
Characters in This Chapter
Levin
Tormented protagonist
Desperately throws himself into manual labor, trying to escape his existential crisis through physical exhaustion. His intensity puzzles his workers and shows how privilege can create its own form of suffering.
Modern Equivalent:
The stressed executive who suddenly starts doing manual labor to find meaning
The peasant workers
Practical observers
They work alongside Levin but don't understand his desperate intensity. Their acceptance of daily labor contrasts sharply with Levin's philosophical torment about life's meaning.
Modern Equivalent:
Coworkers who just want to do their job and go home while the boss has a midlife crisis
Why This Matters
Connect literature to life
This chapter teaches how to identify when frantic activity masks deeper emotional or existential struggles.
Practice This Today
This week, notice when you feel compelled to stay extremely busy—ask yourself what thoughts or feelings you might be trying to avoid.
You have the foundation. Now let's look closer.
Key Quotes & Analysis
"Only work could drown out the thoughts that tormented him."
Context: As Levin drives himself harder in the fields
Shows how people try to use physical exhaustion to silence psychological pain. Reveals that Levin's labor isn't about productivity but about escape from his own mind.
In Today's Words:
If I stay busy enough, maybe I won't have to think about how messed up everything is.
"The harder he worked, the more clearly he felt that the questions that tormented him were insoluble."
Context: Levin realizes his escape strategy isn't working
Demonstrates that running from our problems through activity only postpones the reckoning. Physical work can't solve spiritual or emotional crises.
In Today's Words:
No matter how much I grind, the big questions about my life won't go away.
"He envied the peasants their unquestioning acceptance of life."
Context: Levin observing his workers' simple approach to existence
Highlights how privilege can be a burden - having time to think deeply can lead to paralyzing questions about meaning and purpose that those focused on survival don't face.
In Today's Words:
Sometimes I wish I could just live day to day without overthinking everything.
Intelligence Amplifier™ Analysis
The Road of Running from Yourself
The futile attempt to escape life's deepest questions through frantic activity and busyness.
Thematic Threads
Class
In This Chapter
Levin works alongside peasants, temporarily abandoning his aristocratic role to find meaning in manual labor
Development
Evolution from earlier class consciousness—now class boundaries blur in his desperation
In Your Life:
You might find yourself envying people whose lives seem simpler or more grounded than your own
Identity
In This Chapter
Levin's identity crisis drives him to adopt the role of common laborer, seeking authenticity through physical work
Development
Deepening from previous identity struggles—now questioning his very essence and purpose
In Your Life:
You might try on different versions of yourself when your current identity feels hollow or meaningless
Personal Growth
In This Chapter
Levin's attempt to grow through labor reveals that external changes can't solve internal crises
Development
Critical turning point—showing that growth requires facing rather than fleeing difficult truths
In Your Life:
You might discover that changing your circumstances doesn't automatically change how you feel inside
Human Relationships
In This Chapter
Levin's isolation from his workers despite physical proximity—they don't understand his existential desperation
Development
Highlighting how crisis can create barriers even when seeking connection through shared activity
In Your Life:
You might feel most alone when surrounded by people who can't understand what you're going through
Modern Adaptation
When the Overtime Doesn't Help
Following Anna's story...
Anna has been pulling double shifts at the law firm's document review center for three weeks straight, staying until 2 AM to avoid going home to her empty apartment. Since her affair with Marcus became public and cost her everything—her marriage, custody of her daughter, her reputation in the tight-knit legal community—she's been desperately trying to outwork the pain. She volunteers for every weekend assignment, takes on extra cases, even organizes the office supply closet. But when she finally collapses into bed each night, the same crushing thoughts return: What was it all for? Her coworkers whisper about her manic energy, how she's become obsessed with staying busy. During her lunch break, sitting alone in the break room, Anna realizes the brutal truth—no amount of overtime can silence the voice asking if she destroyed her life for nothing. The work that once gave her purpose now feels like running on a treadmill, exhausting but going nowhere.
The Road
The road Levin walked in 1877, Anna walks today. The pattern is identical: when facing existential crisis, we frantically pursue activity hoping to outrun the questions that torment us.
The Map
This chapter provides a map for recognizing when busyness becomes avoidance. Anna can learn to distinguish between productive work and desperate distraction.
Amplification
Before reading this, Anna might have kept adding more shifts, thinking exhaustion would bring peace. Now she can NAME the pattern of existential outrunning, PREDICT that it leads nowhere, and NAVIGATE by facing her questions instead of fleeing them.
You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.
Discussion Questions
- 1
What is Levin trying to accomplish by throwing himself into physical labor, and does it work?
analysis • surface - 2
Why does Levin's strategy of working harder make his existential crisis worse instead of better?
analysis • medium - 3
Where do you see people today using busyness or activity to avoid dealing with difficult emotions or questions?
application • medium - 4
When you're facing a problem that can't be solved by working harder or staying busy, what approach would you take instead?
application • deep - 5
What does Levin's experience reveal about the difference between problems that can be solved through action versus those that require reflection?
reflection • deep
Critical Thinking Exercise
Track Your Avoidance Patterns
For the next three days, notice when you automatically reach for busyness, your phone, TV, or extra work when feeling uncomfortable emotions. Write down what you were avoiding thinking about each time. Look for patterns in what triggers your need to stay busy and what specific thoughts or feelings you're trying to outrun.
Consider:
- •Pay attention to the moment right before you grab your phone or dive into a task
- •Notice if certain times of day or situations make you more likely to avoid through busyness
- •Consider whether the activity you choose actually helps or just postpones the feeling
Journaling Prompt
Write about a time when staying busy actually prevented you from dealing with something important. What would have happened if you had faced the situation directly instead of avoiding it?
Coming Up Next...
Chapter 182
The coming pages reveal key events and character development in this chapter, and teach us thematic elements and literary techniques. These discoveries help us navigate similar situations in our own lives.