Original Text(~250 words)
Vronsky and Anna spent the whole summer and part of the winter in the country, living in just the same condition, and still taking no steps to obtain a divorce. It was an understood thing between them that they should not go away anywhere; but both felt, the longer they lived alone, especially in the autumn, without guests in the house, that they could not stand this existence, and that they would have to alter it. Their life was apparently such that nothing better could be desired. They had the fullest abundance of everything; they had a child, and both had occupation. Anna devoted just as much care to her appearance when they had no visitors, and she did a great deal of reading, both of novels and of what serious literature was in fashion. She ordered all the books that were praised in the foreign papers and reviews she received, and read them with that concentrated attention which is only given to what is read in seclusion. Moreover, every subject that was of interest to Vronsky, she studied in books and special journals, so that he often went straight to her with questions relating to agriculture or architecture, sometimes even with questions relating to horse-breeding or sport. He was amazed at her knowledge, her memory, and at first was disposed to doubt it, to ask for confirmation of her facts; and she would find what he asked for in some book, and show it to him. The building of...
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Summary
Levin throws himself into farm work with desperate intensity, trying to escape his inner turmoil through physical labor. He works alongside his peasants in the fields, cutting hay under the scorching sun, pushing his body to exhaustion. The repetitive motion of the scythe and the rhythm of manual labor provide temporary relief from his racing thoughts about mortality and meaninglessness. As he works, Levin notices how naturally the peasants accept life's hardships and uncertainties - they don't seem tormented by the same existential questions that plague him. Their simple faith and acceptance of their circumstances stands in stark contrast to his intellectual struggles. The physical exhaustion feels good to Levin; it quiets his mind and connects him to something immediate and real. Through the shared labor, he experiences moments of genuine connection with the workers, feeling part of something larger than his individual suffering. Yet even as his body finds peace in the work, his mind continues to circle back to the same haunting questions about life's purpose. This chapter shows Levin's ongoing search for meaning through different paths - this time through honest physical labor and connection to the land. Tolstoy uses this scene to explore how work can be both escape and revelation, and how the simple acceptance of life's rhythms might offer wisdom that intellectual analysis cannot provide. The contrast between Levin's tormented self-consciousness and the peasants' natural acceptance highlights different ways of being in the world.
That's what happens. To understand what the author is really doing—and to discuss this chapter with confidence—keep reading.
Terms to Know
Peasant class
Rural agricultural workers in 19th-century Russia who lived in poverty but had deep connections to the land. They worked the fields for wealthy landowners like Levin and lived according to traditional customs and Orthodox faith.
Modern Usage:
We see similar dynamics in migrant farm workers, factory employees, or service workers who do physical labor while management struggles with office politics.
Scythe work
Hand-cutting grain or hay with a long curved blade, requiring rhythm, skill, and endurance. This was backbreaking agricultural work that demanded both physical strength and technique passed down through generations.
Modern Usage:
Any repetitive physical work that gets you into a zone - assembly line work, kitchen prep, construction, or even intense exercise routines.
Existential crisis
A period of intense questioning about life's meaning, purpose, and value. Levin is tormented by thoughts about death and whether anything he does matters in the grand scheme of things.
Modern Usage:
The 3am thoughts about whether your job matters, mid-life questioning, or the anxiety that hits when you realize life is short and uncertain.
Orthodox faith
The Russian Orthodox Christian religion that provided structure and meaning for most peasants. It offered answers to life's big questions through tradition, ritual, and acceptance of God's will.
Modern Usage:
Any belief system or community that gives people comfort and answers - whether religious faith, family traditions, or even strong political beliefs.
Manual labor therapy
The way physical work can quiet an overactive mind and provide relief from mental anguish. Tolstoy shows how repetitive, demanding work can be healing for someone overthinking life.
Modern Usage:
Working out when stressed, gardening to clear your head, cleaning when anxious, or any hands-on work that helps you stop spiraling mentally.
Class consciousness
Awareness of the differences between social classes and how they live differently. Levin notices how the peasants accept hardship while he has the luxury of philosophical worry.
Modern Usage:
Recognizing privilege - like how someone working two jobs to pay rent doesn't have time for the same worries as someone with financial security.
Characters in This Chapter
Levin
Tormented protagonist
Throws himself into physical farm work to escape his existential crisis about life's meaning. He's desperately seeking peace through manual labor but his educated mind won't stop questioning everything.
Modern Equivalent:
The overthinking professional who takes up CrossFit or woodworking to quiet their anxiety
The peasant workers
Wise laborers
Work alongside Levin in the fields, showing natural acceptance of life's hardships. Their simple faith and lack of existential torment contrasts sharply with Levin's intellectual suffering.
Modern Equivalent:
The coworkers who just do their job without drama while you stress about the bigger picture
Why This Matters
Connect literature to life
This chapter teaches how to distinguish between healthy work-based coping and destructive avoidance patterns.
Practice This Today
This week, notice when physical tasks help clear your mental fog—cooking, cleaning, organizing—and intentionally choose these activities when your thoughts start racing.
You have the foundation. Now let's look closer.
Key Quotes & Analysis
"The longer Levin mowed, the oftener he experienced those moments of oblivion when his arms no longer seemed to swing the scythe, but the scythe itself his whole body."
Context: Levin loses himself in the rhythm of cutting hay
This describes the meditative state that comes from repetitive physical work. Levin finds temporary peace when his overthinking mind surrenders to his body's rhythm and the work itself takes over.
In Today's Words:
He got so into the zone that he wasn't even thinking anymore - his body just knew what to do
"He felt a pleasant coolness, and looked up at the sky, expecting to see a cloud. But there was no cloud; it was only a swallow flying low and almost touching him with its wings."
Context: A moment of natural beauty interrupts Levin's work
Shows how physical labor opens Levin to simple pleasures and present-moment awareness. These small natural moments provide relief from his mental torment about life's big questions.
In Today's Words:
He actually noticed something beautiful happening right in front of him instead of being stuck in his head
"When they had mowed two more rows, the old man stopped again and began whetting his scythe. Levin straightened himself, and drawing a deep breath looked round."
Context: Taking a break during the intense hay-cutting work
The natural rhythm of work and rest that the peasants understand instinctively. Levin is learning to follow their lead and accept the body's needs rather than pushing through with pure willpower.
In Today's Words:
The older guy knew when it was time to stop and sharpen his tools, so Levin took a breather too
Intelligence Amplifier™ Analysis
The Road of Productive Escape
Physical work and simple connection provide mental clarity that pure thinking cannot achieve during times of overwhelm.
Thematic Threads
Class
In This Chapter
Levin notices the peasants' natural acceptance versus his intellectual torment
Development
Evolved from earlier social observations to deeper recognition of different ways of knowing
In Your Life:
You might notice how people from different backgrounds handle stress and uncertainty differently than you do
Identity
In This Chapter
Levin seeks his authentic self through physical labor rather than social position
Development
Continuing his journey away from inherited expectations toward personal truth
In Your Life:
You might find your truest self emerges during hands-on work rather than when trying to impress others
Personal Growth
In This Chapter
Growth comes through physical engagement and community connection, not just self-analysis
Development
Building on earlier attempts to find meaning through different paths
In Your Life:
You might discover that working alongside others teaches you things about yourself that solitary reflection cannot
Human Relationships
In This Chapter
Shared labor creates genuine connection without need for words or social performance
Development
Contrasts with earlier struggles in formal social relationships
In Your Life:
You might find deeper connections with people when working toward common goals rather than just talking
Modern Adaptation
When the Mind Won't Stop
Following Anna's story...
Anna throws herself into overtime shifts at the hospital, working double after double in the ICU. Her affair with Marcus has blown up her marriage, and her ex-husband is threatening to fight for full custody of their daughter. The constant beeping of monitors, the precise routines of patient care, the physical demands of twelve-hour shifts—it all drowns out the voice in her head asking 'What have I done?' She finds herself volunteering for the hardest cases, the most demanding procedures. Working alongside the nursing assistants and orderlies, she notices how they handle their own struggles—divorced, broke, exhausted—yet they show up, do the work, go home. They don't seem tortured by endless analysis like she is. During a particularly brutal shift treating trauma patients, Anna realizes the rhythm of emergency medicine gives her something her racing thoughts can't: immediate purpose, clear actions, problems with solutions. Her hands know what to do even when her heart feels shattered.
The Road
The road Levin walked in 1877, Anna walks today. The pattern is identical: when overwhelmed by life's chaos, we find temporary peace through demanding physical work that engages our hands while quieting our minds.
The Map
This chapter provides a navigation tool for mental overwhelm: productive escape through meaningful work. Anna learns that sometimes the best response to emotional chaos isn't more thinking—it's engaging her body in work that matters.
Amplification
Before reading this, Anna might have tried to think her way out of guilt and regret through endless analysis. Now she can NAME productive escape as a valid coping strategy, PREDICT when her mind needs the relief of physical work, and NAVIGATE overwhelming emotions by choosing meaningful labor over mental spinning.
You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.
Discussion Questions
- 1
What specific actions does Levin take when he's overwhelmed by his thoughts about life's meaning?
analysis • surface - 2
Why does physical labor provide relief for Levin when thinking and analyzing don't?
analysis • medium - 3
Where do you see people today using physical work to deal with stress or confusion in their lives?
application • medium - 4
When you're stuck on a problem or feeling overwhelmed, what kind of physical activity helps you think more clearly?
application • deep - 5
What does the difference between Levin's mental struggle and the peasants' acceptance teach us about different ways of finding peace?
reflection • deep
Critical Thinking Exercise
Map Your Productive Escape Routes
Create a personal inventory of physical activities that help quiet your racing mind. Think about times when you felt overwhelmed or stuck, then found clarity through doing something with your hands or body. List these activities and note what makes each one effective for you.
Consider:
- •Consider both work tasks and personal activities that engage your body
- •Think about the rhythm, repetition, or focus required in each activity
- •Notice which activities work best for different types of mental overwhelm
Journaling Prompt
Write about a specific time when you were mentally stuck or overwhelmed, then found unexpected clarity through physical work or activity. What changed in your thinking, and how can you use this pattern intentionally in the future?
Coming Up Next...
Chapter 183
What lies ahead teaches us key events and character development in this chapter, and shows us thematic elements and literary techniques. These patterns appear in literature and life alike.