Robinson Crusoe
by Daniel Defoe (1719)
Book Overview
Robinson Crusoe tells of a castaway who spends 28 years on a remote island. Often called the first English novel, it's a survival manual, spiritual autobiography, and colonial adventure. Crusoe's resourcefulness and self-reliance made him the template for every survivor story since.
Why Read Robinson Crusoe Today?
Classic literature like Robinson Crusoe offers more than historical insight—it provides roadmaps for navigating modern challenges. Through our Intelligence Amplifier™ analysis, each chapter reveals practical wisdom applicable to contemporary life, from career decisions to personal relationships.
Major Themes
Self-Sabotage
Appears in 1 chapter:Ch. 2
Key Characters
Robinson Crusoe
Protagonist and narrator
Featured in 15 chapters
Friday
Rescued companion
Featured in 6 chapters
Poll
Companion parrot
Featured in 4 chapters
Crusoe
Protagonist
Featured in 4 chapters
Xury
Reluctant ally and fellow escapee
Featured in 2 chapters
The cannibals
Antagonists
Featured in 2 chapters
The Captain
Displaced authority figure
Featured in 2 chapters
The Mutineers
Criminal opportunists
Featured in 2 chapters
Crusoe's Patron/Master
Antagonist and slave owner
Featured in 1 chapter
Ismael
Obstacle to escape
Featured in 1 chapter
Key Quotes
"I meditated nothing but my escape, and what method I might take to effect it, but found no way that had the least probability in it."
"You go with me, or I will throw you into the sea too."
"I was born to be my own destroyer"
"No go, no go"
"I had great reason to consider it as a determination of Heaven that in this desolate place and in this desolate manner I should end my life."
"I now began to consider that I might yet get a great many things out of the ship which would be useful to me."
"I had neither food, house, clothes, weapon, nor place to fly to; and in despair of any relief, saw nothing but death before me"
"I spent whole hours, I may say whole days, in representing to myself, in the most lively colors, how I must act if I had nothing to eat but what I must catch with my hands"
"Call on Me in the day of trouble, and I will deliver thee"
"I had learned not to despair of anything"
"I had a great desire to make a more perfect discovery of the island, and to see what other productions I might find, which I yet knew nothing of."
"I found a great deal of tobacco, green, and growing to a great and very strong stalk."
Discussion Questions
1. How does Crusoe's approach to slavery differ from what you might expect? What specific actions does he take during his two years of captivity?
From Chapter 1 →2. Why does Crusoe wait two full years before attempting escape? What advantages does this patience give him when the opportunity finally comes?
From Chapter 1 →3. Robinson had everything his father advised him to seek—security, wealth, and respect in Brazil. What specific decision does he make that throws all of this away?
From Chapter 2 →4. Why do you think Robinson calls his decision to join the slave-trading voyage 'the most preposterous thing' he could do, yet does it anyway?
From Chapter 2 →5. What specific actions did Robinson take to salvage supplies from the ship, and why was timing so crucial?
From Chapter 3 →6. Why did Robinson create a pros-and-cons list of his situation, and how did this mental exercise change his approach to survival?
From Chapter 3 →7. What specific systems and routines does Crusoe create to manage his survival, and why does he prioritize structure over just gathering supplies?
From Chapter 4 →8. How does the earthquake shake both Crusoe's physical shelter and his psychological confidence? What does his response reveal about building resilience?
From Chapter 4 →9. What triggers Crusoe's spiritual crisis, and how does his approach to prayer change during his illness?
From Chapter 5 →10. Why does physical illness often force us to examine parts of our lives we normally avoid thinking about?
From Chapter 5 →11. Why does Crusoe choose to keep his coastal shelter even after finding the beautiful valley?
From Chapter 6 →12. What does Crusoe's failed crop teach him that success might not have?
From Chapter 6 →13. Why does Crusoe get lost when he tries to take a shortcut home from the better side of the island?
From Chapter 7 →14. What does Crusoe realize about his original settlement when he finally makes it back after being lost?
From Chapter 7 →15. What breakthrough moment allowed Crusoe to finally make useful pottery, and why had all his previous attempts failed?
From Chapter 8 →For Educators
Looking for teaching resources? Each chapter includes tiered discussion questions, critical thinking exercises, and modern relevance connections.
View Educator Resources →All Chapters
Chapter 1: Slavery and Escape
Robinson Crusoe's reckless pursuit of fortune leads him into slavery when Turkish pirates capture his trading ship off the African coast. For two year...
Chapter 2: Shipwreck and Survival
Robinson's life takes a dramatic turn as he escapes slavery and finds unexpected prosperity in Brazil, only to throw it all away for one more adventur...
Chapter 3: Salvaging Hope from Wreckage
Robinson awakens to find his ship closer to shore, giving him a chance to salvage supplies before it's destroyed. Over thirteen days, he makes multipl...
Chapter 4: Building from Scratch
Crusoe begins the methodical work of survival, establishing routines that will keep him sane and alive. He salvages what he can from the ship before i...
Chapter 5: Illness and Awakening
Crusoe continues salvaging materials from his wrecked ship, methodically collecting timber, iron, and supplies over several weeks. His routine is shat...
Chapter 6: Learning the Land and Seasons
Crusoe embarks on his first major exploration of the island, discovering a lush valley filled with fruit trees, grapes, and fresh water. The abundance...
Chapter 7: Mapping His World and Finding Home
Crusoe embarks on his first major exploration of the island, discovering that he's been living on the worst side all along. The other shore teems with...
Chapter 8: The Art of Making Do
Crusoe becomes a one-man industrial revolution, learning pottery, bread-making, and tool crafting through pure trial and error. His pottery attempts a...
Chapter 9: Building What You Can Control
Crusoe spends five years developing his island life, learning crucial lessons about planning and persistence. He builds two boats—the first is a disas...
Chapter 10: The Footprint That Changed Everything
Crusoe has settled into a comfortable routine on his island, living like a king with his animal companions and two well-established homes. He's built ...
Chapter 11: Fear Changes Everything
Crusoe's discovery of cannibals on his island transforms him from a cautious survivor into a paranoid fortress-dweller. The horrifying sight of human ...
Chapter 12: The Spanish Shipwreck Discovery
After twenty-three years on the island, Crusoe has built a comfortable life with his animal companions—parrots, goats, and cats. But his peace shatter...
Chapter 13: A Dream Becomes Reality
After years of isolation, Crusoe becomes consumed with escape plans, his mind churning with desperate schemes to reach the mainland. His restlessness ...
Chapter 14: Teaching and Learning Together
Crusoe begins Friday's education, starting with practical matters like cooking meat and making bread. Friday's terror at the gun's power reveals how t...
Chapter 15: Rescue of Prisoners from Cannibals
Crusoe and Friday prepare to escape the island by building a large canoe, but their plans are interrupted when cannibals arrive with prisoners. Friday...
Chapter 16: Unexpected Visitors and Dangerous Alliances
Crusoe faces a complex moral and strategic dilemma when an English ship arrives at his island. What initially seems like salvation becomes complicated...
Chapter 17: The Ship Recovered
Crusoe and the captain face their biggest challenge yet when ten more mutineers arrive from the ship in a second boat. What seems like overwhelming od...
Chapter 18: Return to England and Unexpected Wealth
After twenty-eight years on the island, Crusoe finally returns to England, only to discover he's a stranger in his own homeland. His family is mostly ...
Chapter 19: The Bear Dance and Wolf Pack
Friday steals the show in this action-packed chapter that reveals his playful genius and unshakeable courage. When the group encounters a massive bear...
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